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Algorithms for two-time scales stochastic optimization with applications to long term management of energy storage
2019
arXiv Preprint, Id: hal-0201396. -
La Boîte à outils juridiques pour les projets et services urbains innovants
2019
L'Institut pour la Ville Durable a réuni un groupe de travail avec ses adhérents de tous horizons
(opérateurs publics, entreprises et experts privés, collectivités locales) pour faciliter l'échange,
la capitalisation et la diffusion des meilleures pratiques, appuyé par l'expertise et l'animation du
cabinet LexCity -
Experimental Validation of a CFD-based Air Quality Sensor Placement Strategy for the Localization of Indoor Source Emissions
Octobre 2019
Publication d'un acte de conférence internationale sur le thème du positionnement optimal de capteurs de qualité de l'air afin de localiser des sources de polluants. -
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Transport et urbanisme. La ville, en quête de développement soutenable
Avril 2019
Dans un contexte où le changement climatique nous oblige à repenser nos représentations, Transport et urbanisme explore différentes pistes pour progresser vers une ville plus économe en énergie et plus respectueuse de l’environnement.
La planification urbaine a jusqu’ici beaucoup pâti du cloisonnement des connaissances et des pratiques. À partir de ce constat, cet ouvrage a été conçu comme un dialogue entre transport et urbanisme, mais aussi entre sciences de l’ingénieur et sciences sociales. L’analyse systémique et l’approche historique intégrant les enseignements des deux derniers siècles constituent au plan méthodologique le cadre dans lequel se déploie ce dialogue.
Cet ouvrage s’appuie sur des exemples de bonnes pratiques, identifie un ensemble de leviers d’actions et propose une méthode originale pour orienter et accompagner la transition urbaine qui laisse une large part d’initiative aux acteurs concernés.
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Nonlinear Control for DC MicroGrids Enabling Efficient Renewable Power Integration and Ancillary Services for AC grids
2018
IEEE Transactions on Power Systems EEE TPS DOI 10.1109/TPWRS.2018.2871369. -
A novel ventilation control strategy with piston effect for optimal management in a subway station
April 2018
Proceedings of 7th Transport Research Arena TRA 2018, Vienna, Austria. -
Bounded Control for DC/DC Converters: Application to Renewable Sources
2018
CDC 2018, Miami, USA. -
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Building material stock characterization: A case study on Toulouse’s urban area
Décembre 2017
Cost action MINEA - Workshop Modelling the stocks and flows of the built environment for construction and demolition waste management, Vienna, Austria, December 14, 2017
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A proposition to extend CityGML and ADE Energy standards for exchanging information for LCA simulation at urban scale
In Proceedings of the Life Cycle Management Conference, September 3rd/6th 2017, Luxembourg.
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On the issue of the PEMFC operating fault identification: generic analysis tool based on voltage pointwise singularity strengths
Juillet 2017
International Conference on Emerging and Renewable Energy: Generation and Automation (ICEREGA) 2017. Belfort. 7 Juillet 2017. 6 pages.
The purpose of this article is to study the portability of a non-intrusive and free of any external/internal disturbance diagnosis tool devoted to the monitoring of the State of Health (SoH) of PEM Fuel Cell (PEMFC) stack. The tool is based on a thorough analysis of the stack voltage signal using a multifractal formalism and wavelet leaders. It offers well-suited signatures indicators on the SoH of the Fuel Cell. Some relevant descriptors extracted from these patterns (singularity features) are used in the frame of Machine Learning approaches to allow the PEMFC fault identification. The proposed diagnosis strategy is evaluated with two different PEMFC stacks. The first one is designed for automotive applications and the second one is dedicated to stationary use (micro combined heat and power - μCHP application). The classification results obtained for the both stacks indicate that the proposed PEMFC diagnosis tool allows identifying simple operating faults as well as more complicated operating situations combining several fault types. -
LCA in Support to urban planning policies
In SETAC Conference, May 7/11th 2017, Brussels, Belgium
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Vers un diagnostic énergétique des mobilités à l’échelle des grands pôles d’échanges
in Revue internationale d'urbanisme n°5, 2017
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Urbanisme et trame urbaine : ce que nous apprend l’histoire des villes
E-Phaïtos, vol.VI, n°2, 2017.
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Spatial refinement to better evaluate mobility and its environmental impacts inside a neighborhood
Journal of Urban Planning, Landscape & environmental Design, 2(1), 2017
A large share of a neighborhood project’s environmental impacts is due to mobility. It either takes place inside the neighborhood, such as transit traffic or internal mobility, or is induced by it and exchanged with the rest of the urban area. A way to improve mobility impacts evaluation in the assessment of neighborhood alternative designs, is to refine traffic simulation models making them more sensitive to spatial design while keeping their sensitivity to local traffic conditions and associated energy consumption and pollutants’ emissions. This paper introduces a methodology relying on the classic four-step scheme for mobility demand modelling together with specific spatial refinement. The neighborhood is divided into fine sub-areas, with specific consequences for each step: first, trips are generated on the basis of sub-area land-use and activity data; second, the trips are distributed between all Traffic Analysis Zones (TAZs), enabling to identify internal short-range trips; third, the mode choice model takes into account the particular access conditions between sub-areas and transit stations or roadway nodes; fourth, traffic assignment involves finer TAZs and finer path description. Furthermore, a 5th step is added to deal with environmental evaluation, especially the allocation of mobility impacts to the project’s sub-areas. These steps are presented and illustrated on the ‘Cité Descartes’ district case study, in Eastern Paris. Dividing its 1 km² area into about 100 sub-areas enabled us to depict the projects’ program and spatial layout very finely, especially so in relation to the transit stops and stations location. Some limitations and needs for further research are also outlined. -
Distributed nonlinear control for a microgrid embedding renewables, trains’energy recovery system and storages
(article, Gilney DAMM IEEE) PCIM 2017 (International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics and Energy Management)
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Design and Control of a DC Grid for Railway Stations
PCIM 2017 (International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics and Energy Management)
Abstract: With growing concerns about environmental issues like climate change, energy efficiency has become crucial. In this framework, the regeneration of the braking energy of trains into electricity is a promising source to highly increase energy efficiency. The focus of this paper is to Design and Control a Direct Current (DC) Grid integrated in urban railway station, the solution consists in recovering and storing trains braking energy into a hybrid storage system and reusing it for non-railway applications such as loads in a train station and electric vehicles and their recharging plants. To attain this goal, the main points are power management and voltage control for the DC MicroGrid, and improving the dynamic performance of the system. These are obtained by controlling the energy storage system. -
Des quartiers de gare favorables aux modes actifs pour une mobilité énergétiquement sobre
Flux, n°107, 1er trimestre 2017.
S’inscrivant dans la continuité de travaux visant à construire, selon une approche par l’offre, un cadre théorique et opérationnel d’élaboration de projets urbains énergétiquement frugaux, cet article propose une réflexion sur un aménagement des quartiers de gare favorable à la pratique de la marche et du vélo utilitaires en tant que levier du report modal – passagers et fret – depuis l’automobile vers l’association entre les modes ferré et actifs. Les enjeux d’un tel report modal à l’échelle d’une région (Île-de-France) sont tout d’abord mis en évidence ; des domaines d’action pour améliorer la « cyclabilité » et la « marchabilité » des zones de chalandise des gares sont ensuite proposés ; enfin, une synthèse de ces « boîtes à idées » sous forme d’un parti d’aménagement ambitieux (« Île-de-France sans voitures ») est esquissée, et sa faisabilité est discutée. -
Sources de chaleur fatale : quels réseaux de chaleur pour les valoriser ?
Mai 2016
34e rencontre de l’AUG, Université de Liège.
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Attribution methodologies for mobility impacts
European Transport Conference, Barcelona, Spain, 5-7 October 20, 2016
Motorized transportation modes all consume energy and emit local pollutants – chemical and noise. Congestion can also be considered as a local pollution caused by some emitters onto some receivers. Various methods have been designed to evaluate impacts and relate them to emitters and/or receivers. Called “attribution” in environmental evaluation or “imputation” in economic analysis, these schemes’ purpose is to identify the causes of impacts and to design management or compensation schemes to alleviate their negative effects. The paper presents an analytical framework to devise attribution schemes for local mobility impacts in a territorial area applicable to every ground transportation mode. The method's first step relies on the evaluation of each trip-maker's individual contribution to local impacts. Such individual contributions can then be aggregated along any path, hence any trip between origin and destination. The trip's impact can then be attributed to the tripmaker, or the zone at the origin or destination end of the trip. After providing with a general introduction, a bibliographical review of attribution methods, several attribution schemes are provided and discussed in this paper. Then associated computation scheme is presented and an application instance is dealt with in the final part of the article. -
Outil aide à la décision multicritère pour la conception de systèmes énergétiques à l’échelle du quartier
In proceedings of Conférence IBPSA France 2016
To aim a sustainable energy transition, modelling and simulation of district energy systems tend to become essential in developing effective urban policies. However, the multitude of criteria and constraints (financial, energetics, environmental ...) makes the analysis and the optimization of the complete urban system much complicated to obtain. The use of a multi-criteria decision analysis method becomes essential to assist the results processing and to provide the necessary information for the sorting, the selection and the ranking of the issues, while providing information on possible conflicts between the solutions. The ATLAS method (TooL Assistance for decision support to Assess and Sort), resulting from the hybridization of outranking methods ELECTRE and PROMETHEE, was developed for this purpose. This article introduces a description of this new methodology which is then applied as part of a district design study, modelled with the simulation platform DIMOSIM (District Modeller and Simulator). -
Designing Economic models of the energy transition at the territorial scale
Design & Decision Support Systems 2016, juin 2016, Eindhoven.
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A 5-step methodology for selecting a shading system control strategy
Design & Decision Support Systems 2016, juin 2016, Eindhoven.
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LCA enhancement perspectives to facilitate scaling up from building to territory
Sustainable Built Environment (SBE) regional conference, Zurich, June 2016
Environmental performance considerations in the construction sector extend from buildings to neighbourhoods, cities and territory. This transition implies a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) adaptation to efficiently treat such complex systems. Indeed, performing environmental performance evaluations has already been done over the past few years but the existing LCA tools have to be improved regarding their userfriendliness to allow everyday urban planning stakeholders to use them. Providing keys to help the practice is a main subject to spread the large scale LCA evaluation and ensure a better urban planning trending to sustainable solutions. This objective is also motivated by local, national and European policies, particularly within the context of Paris COP21. The aim of this study is to explore enhancement perspectives to facilitate LCA scaling up from building to territory. This work is based on observations from case studies underlining operational issues due to the evaluation time consumption. The urban planning process is analysed to focus, at different stages, on operational responses that could be proposed considering objectives, stakeholders’ needs and potential drivers. In particular, for early stage decision making, an approach introducing urban typo-morphologies has been adopted to facilitate the comparison of large scale evaluations and scenarios. Such typo-morphologies, representing elemental bricks at building or block scale to build neighbourhoods or larger, have been widely described in the past. However, this work concentrates on the applicability of the approach to integrate this sort of description for environmental evaluation based on a multicomponent (buildings, energy, water, public spaces, transportation) description of the systems. Particularly, a focus has to be given to scaling up mechanism. Expert systems sets on heuristic rules could help exploiting a typo-morphologies database. This solution should ease the practice of urban environmental assessments. -
Nouveaux services à la mobilité en gare : mutualisations et connexions
Communication au séminaire Chaire Gare, Gares et connexions, Séminaire organisé par la Chaire Gare en collaboration avec le PUCA et Gares et connexions, janvier 2016.
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AC or DC grid for railway stations?
PCIM 2016 (International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics and Energy Management)
The energy consumption of urban railway stations is very large and ever increasing. To reduce the national electrical grid consumption, the first step is optimizing the equipment size and the second step is adding other available electrical sources like the train residual braking energy. Many of local energies productions use Direct Current (DC. The actual internal station grid is in Alternative Current (AC) but the majority of the equipment has an AC/DC converter to be supplied in DC. This paper describes the project led by Efficacity Institute, which addresses the use of additional existing energies and to develop a more adapted station grid to reducing the daily energy consumption peak. One Efficacity energetic concept aims to store the braking energy of the trains with a stationary electrical saving system. This energy is integrated to the power supply of a railway station thanks to a microgrid. First step of this microgrid are studied in this paper to develop the more adapted grid structure. -
Model Predictive Control for Energy and Climate Management in a Subway Station’s Thermo-electrical Microgrid
(article Elsevier) Transportation Research Arena 2016
Electricity consumption in urban railway stations accounts for almost one third of the total energy consumption of a subway network of a city like Paris. The overall systemʼs efficiency can be optimized by taking advantage of available sources of energy such as regenerative braking of trains or local renewable energy resources. This can be achieved by handling the intermittent nature of the various sources and consumption points and by redesigning the station energy grid in a global approach. Microgrids have been an actively researched subject since a few years with the growing interests in smart electricity networks as a mean to decentralize the global power supply facilities. We present hereby a methodology for the optimal management of a microgrid connecting regenerative braking energy sources, eventual distributed energy resources, heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC) systems, specific electricity consumptions and electricity storage systems (ESS) for energy management in subway stations. The overall energy cost is minimized adjusting in real-time electricity demand and availability using demand-response strategies while ensuring an optimal thermal comfort and a safe indoor air quality environment. -
On the use of train braking energy regarding the electrical consumption optimization in railway station
(Article Elsevier) Transportation Research Arena 2016
Nowadays, many projects have been conducted in order to reduce CO2 emissions, with the objective of reducing energy consumption. In the context of the urban railway area, the energy consumption is huge. It is respectively split into 70% for the traction and 30% for station consumers. Many works have already been carried out on traction systems, but very few of them were oriented towards the station energy problematic. This paper describes the project led by “Efficacity” Institute which concerns the use of the braking energy to manage and optimize the railway station energy consumption. Efficacity investigates energetic concepts in order to store the braking energy of the trains with a stationary electrical saving system, and to reutilize it for the power supply of electric and thermal consumers or actuators in a railway station thanks to a microgrid. The idea is to store train braking energy in hybrid storage system (composed of batteries and super-capacitors cells) and to restate it judiciously at different moments of the day (during peak or low energy consumption hours) to various kind of station loads. -
Multifracral analysis of stack voltage based on wavelet leaders: a new tool for PEMFC diagnosis
Fuel Cells Journal
To achieve a fast and low cost diagnostic, we propose a new tool based on wavelet leaders in which the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) diagnosis is made by the observation of the one and only stack voltage. The steps of our strategy are the following ones: (i) the PEMFC is operated under a variety of conditions (nominal or severe) using a characterization test bench developed in lab. The severe operating conditions refer either to single fault types or to different combinations of faults; (ii) the recorded stack voltages are analyzed using a wavelet leader based multifractal analysis (WLMA) in order to identify their singularity spectra as fault signatures. This novel method based on leader discrete wavelet coefficients for the estimation of the singularity spectrum is a well-suited technique for non-stationary and non-linear signals; (iii) a feature selection method is used to select the most relevant singularity features and to remove the redundant ones; (iv) the selected singularity features are classified using Support Vector Machine and K-Nearest Neighbors techniques according to the considered operating situations (faults and combinations of faults). Our results show that the proposed PEMFC diagnosis tool allows identifying simple operating failure cases and even more complicated situations that contain several failure types. -
Energy and comfort assessment in educational building : case study in a French university campus
(proposé à “Energy and Buildings”, 2016)
The existing stock of institutional buildings constructed before current thermal regulation codes is known to be high-energy consuming. To make energy savings, retrofitting solutions have to deal with important transformations of those buildings (e.g. envelope, energy systems) and with better-suited management solutions. Such technical solutions quite often neglect occupants' comfort. The present work aims to develop and implement an energy audit protocol to tackle simultaneously the questions of thermal comfort and energy efficiency for higher education buildings. Our transverse approach allowed us to achieve a complementary view of the building under examination, including its operating conditions. At any rate, capturing the full complexity of a building-system (building energy devices, management strategies, and occupancy and behaviours impacts) requires a broad perspective and points to the limits of key-in-hand audits and solutions. -
The dynamic multifractility in PEMFC stack voltage signal as a tool for the aging monitoring
ICREGA 2016, Belfort. Cet article est publié dans la revue Int. J. of Hydrogen Energy.
Fuel Cell aging monitoring and diagnosis are key-issues for scientists and industrials who intend to spread this technology. In the present work, we propose an efficient method that enables the extraction of valuable information which contains indicators on the aging of a studied PEM Fuel Cell (PEMFC). In this context, we investigate the possibilities offered by the Wavelet Leaders based Multifractal Analysis (WLMA), which is a suitable method to study the clustering variability of non-stationary fluctuating signals. A continuous aging test of 124 h conducted under nominal operating conditions serves as data input for the development of our diagnosis method. Singularity spectra (SS) are calculated on the stack voltage signals at different periods of time. We observe that stack voltage over extended periods of operating time leads to different types of singularities, i.e., we find a narrow range of values of Hölder exponent h with non-zero fractal dimension D(h) according to the operating time of the FC. We conclude that this dynamic multifractality of the stack voltage can be considered as a pertinent tool for the monitoring of the FC aging state. -
Expérimentation d’une micro-cogénération à turbine gaz sur un banc semi-virtuel et validation d’un modèle destiné à la simulation énergétique du bâtiment
IBPSA France 2016
La micro-cogénération (µCHP) est une technologie permettant de produire de l’électricité de manière décentralisée (puissance électrique inférieure à 36 kWel). Différentes technologies de micro-cogénération ont déjà été caractérisées par l’expérimentation et la simulation. L’étude s’inscrit dans une logique de comparaison des technologies et d'intégration au sein des bâtiments. La µCHP par micro-turbine est une technologie émergente pouvant être intégrée dans les bâtiments résidentiels individuels ou collectifs. Cependant, il reste à établir les principes de dimensionnement et à optimiser le mode de fonctionnement. L’objectif de cet article est de valider expérimentalement un modèle semi-physique de micro-turbine de 3 kWel et 15 kWth. La méthodologie adoptée consiste à pré-dimensionner par simulation une installation de production d’ECS d’un bâtiment collectif. Le prototype réel de µCHP est ensuite installé dans un banc d’essai semi-virtuel qui simule les charges thermiques. Les résultats d’essai permettent de valider en dynamique un modèle paramétré sur des données statiques. -
Experimental analysis of a gas micro-cogeneration based on internal combustion engine and calibration of a dynamic model for building energy simulation
CLIMA 2016.
Internal combustion engine (ICE)-based micro-cogeneration (µCHP) covers a wide range of capacities and recent developments increased the efficiency through condensing exhaust device and variable speed pumps. This type of equipment is suitable for residential and commercial buildings and is usually integrated in a system with back-up boiler. A dynamic model is required to investigate the seasonal energy performance of these equipments. A generic grey-box model with few and easily accessible parameters has been developed to simulate the dynamics of the heat and electricity productions of an ICE-based µCHP. The unit under scope develops an electrical power of 7.5 kW and a thermal power of 20 kW. The test facility is described and the uncertainty of the measurement chain is assessed. The static and dynamic parameters of the micro-cogeneration model have been identified based on a set of experimental data representative of all operating conditions. The model will be used to undertake building energy simulation studies in various cases such as collective housing, commercial buildings, hotels to identify the optimal sizing of components (µCHP, back-up, storage) and controls for various tariffs (self-consumption, feed-in, sale-back). -
Intégration optimale de la micro-cogénération au sein des bâtiments
Journée annuelle Cogénération basse tension, CNAM/CNRS, Février 2016, Paris.
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A comparison of integration solution for a gas stirling micro-cogenerationsystem in Residential Building
2015
Poster, European Gas Tehnology Conference (EGATEC) -
LCA & Evaluation of urban projects
Séminaire de recherche Simurex, 26-31 octobre 2015, Porticcio, France
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Disrtibuted Energy Systems, Approaches for Systems optimisation and tools
2015
International Thematic Week, Smart Energy and Stochastic 0ptimization (SESO). -
A comparison of integration solutions for a gas Stirling micro-cogeneration system in residential buildings
GERG Young Researcher‘s Prize, 2015, Vienne
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A comparison of integration solutions for a gas Stirling micro-cogeneration system in residential buildings
CLIMAMED 2015, Juan-les-Pins.
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Process intensification technologies applied to thermal energy storage – Principles
3rd International Solar District Heating Conférence, Toulouse, 2015